Medidas de prevención del pie diabético realizadas por enfermería en atención primaria
[Preventive measures for diabetic foot performed by nursing in primary care]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14586824Palabras clave:
Pie diabético, Atención de enfermería, atencion primaria, úlcera neuropáticaResumen
Objetivo: Identificar las medidas más eficaces para la prevención del pie diabético, destacar la importancia de contar con un equipo de enfermería capacitado en esta área y determinar cuáles de las medidas descritas están disponibles en atención primaria, evaluando también su rentabilidad. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y los Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “Diabetic foot”, “Nursing”, “Primary Health Care” y “Foot Ulcer”. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó entre marzo y mayo de 2023 en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), EBSCOhost, SciELO y Google Scholar. Resultados: De un total de 133 referencias, se seleccionaron 15 relevantes para su lectura crítica y revisión. Las medidas estudiadas incluyeron intervenciones educa-tivas, atención podológica, diseño de cribados y pruebas diagnósticas, intervenciones psicológicas y psicosociales, así como la rentabilidad de dichas estrategias. Conclusiones: Todas las intervenciones descritas en la literatura se consideran herramientas eficaces para prevenir el riesgo de úlceras por pie diabético. Estas intervenciones no solo mejoran los cuidados de enfermería, sino también los autocuidados y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se confirma que el cuidado integral del pie, el manejo glucémico intensivo y la atención multidisciplinar son inter-venciones altamente rentables y efectivas en comparación con la atención habitual y las terapias convencionales.
ABSTRACT:
[Preventive measures for diabetic foot performed by nursing in primary care]
Objective: To identify the most effective measures for the prevention of diabetic foot, highlight the importance of having a nursing team trained in this area, and determine which of the described measures are available in primary care while also evaluating their cost-effectiveness. Metodology: A bibliographic search was conducted using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “Diabetic foot,” “Nursing,” “Primary Health Care,” and “Foot Ulcer.” The article search was carried out between March and May 2023 in the PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), EBSCOhost, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Out of a total of 133 references, relevant fifteen were selected for critical reading and review. The measures studied included educational interventions, podiatric care, screening design and diagnostic tests, psychological and psychosocial interventions, as well as the cost-effectiveness of these strategies. Conclusions: All the interventions described in the literature are considered effective tools for preventing the risk of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). These interventions not only improve nursing care but also enhance self-care and the quality of life of patients. Comprehensive foot care, intensive glycemic management, and multidisciplinary care are confirmed to be highly cost-effective and efficient compared to usual care and conventional therapies.
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Derechos de autor 2024 María de la Paz Chinchilla-Muñoz , María Isabel Pastor-Orduña, David Palomar-Albert
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